What happened?
The Trump administration is set to release a report this month suggesting that acetaminophen (sold as Tylenol) use during pregnancy, along with certain vitamin deficiencies, could be linked to autism spectrum disorder. The report has drawn criticism as many experts say there is insufficient scientific evidence to support such claims.
Health and Human Services Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr., who has repeatedly promoted controversial theories on autism, is spearheading the report. Tylenol-maker Kenvue defended the drug, stating it is safe, amid a sharp drop in the company’s shares following the news.
Kenvue responds
Shares fell 14% before slightly recovering, ending trading down 9.5%. The company has faced numerous lawsuits alleging a connection between Tylenol use during pregnancy and autism. Kenvue emphasized that leading medical organizations continue to support acetaminophen’s safety for pregnant women.
“Expecting mothers should always consult healthcare professionals before taking over-the-counter medications, including acetaminophen,” the company said.
Scientific context
The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists also advises that acetaminophen be used cautiously, though there is no definitive evidence linking standard use to fetal developmental issues. A 2024 study in the Journal of the American Medical Association involving 2.4 million Swedish children found no causal link.
Previous research has been mixed: of 46 studies reviewed by Mount Sinai and Harvard researchers, 27 suggested a potential risk, nine found no link, and four indicated possible protective effects. Experts stress that Tylenol should be taken at the lowest effective dose and least frequent interval.
Embed from Getty ImagesAutism and public concern
Autism affects roughly one in 31 U.S. children. Scientists attribute the rise in diagnoses to broader awareness and expanded definitions, though environmental factors are also being studied. Kennedy, a vaccine skeptic, has not indicated whether immunizations will factor into the report.
The HHS report is also expected to discuss the role of folate, specifically folinic acid (leucovorin), in addressing autism symptoms, according to the Wall Street Journal. The report represents a review of existing studies and potential interventions.
What’s next?
The publication of this report is being closely watched by medical experts, advocacy groups, and the public. Many warn that misinterpretation could fuel misinformation around autism and pregnancy, despite ongoing scientific scrutiny.
